The 4.5 system in Somalia is unfair because it does not recognise all citizens as equal. Instead of giving people representation based on equal citizenship, democratic choice, or merit, it divides political power according to clan formula. Four major clan families are each given a full share, while all minority communities are placed together in a half-share. This means some Somalis are treated as politically more important than others from the start.
The system may have been introduced as a temporary arrangement during a time of conflict, but it has become a major obstacle to justice, democracy, and national unity. Rather than building a modern state based on rights and accountability, it keeps Somalia trapped in clan bargaining. Political positions are too often discussed in terms of clan entitlement, not competence or public service. This weakens institutions and rewards loyalty to clan networks instead of loyalty to the nation.
The greatest injustice falls on minority communities. Groups such as the Somali Bantu, Benadiri, Gaboye, and others have long faced exclusion, discrimination, and underrepresentation. Under 4.5, their voices are diluted and their political rights reduced. A system that officially gives minorities less value than others cannot be called fair or democratic.
The 4.5 formula also harms women and young people. Because power is controlled through male-dominated clan structures, many qualified women and young leaders are pushed aside. Clan elders and political brokers often have more influence than ordinary citizens. This blocks real participation and prevents Somalia from benefiting from the talents of all its people.
Most importantly, 4.5 undermines the idea of equal citizenship. A just Somalia cannot be built on a system that ranks people by clan and gives some communities permanent political advantage over others. Somalia needs a fair political order based on one person, one vote, equal rights, protection of minorities, and accountable institutions.
If Somalia is to move toward peace and democracy, it must leave behind the 4.5 system and replace it with a model that respects the dignity and equality of every citizen.
